[HEA] _____________________ ___ _ |___ ______________| | | | | | | _ | | | | | || | | | | | | || | | | | | | || | | | ____ _ _ _ _ ______ | | | || | | | / __ \ | | / \_/ \ | ___ \ | | | || |__ ____ | | / / \ | | /\ /\ \ | | \ \ | | | || _ \ | _ \ | | \ \__/ | | | |_|| | | |__/ / | | | || | | || |_|| | | \___/|_| |_| |_| | ____/ |_| | || | | || |__ | |____________________ | | _ |__||_| |_|\____/ |________________________| | | |_| | | Lighting Your Apple II Path | | |_| ----------------------------------- >>> WELCOME TO THE LAMP! <<< ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ THE BEST OF THE A2 BULLETIN BOARD ON Syndicomm Online "Teaching the Apple II user how to fish since 1998" :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: The Lamp! An Onipa'a Software Production Vol. 9, No. 3 :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: Publisher................................Ryan M. Suenaga, M.S.W., L.S.W. Editor.....................................................Lyle Syverson Internet Email, Publisher.........................thelamp@sheppyware.net Internet Email, Editor................................lyle@FoxValley.net :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: TABLE OF CONTENTS ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ March 15, 2006 HIGH ABOVE THE ROCK RIVER---------------------------------------------[OPN] How Fast is Fast Enough? A2 FORUM AT Syndicomm Online (A2Central.com) DISTILLATIONS------------[DAS] Any Specific Meaning in A2 Model Numbers?------------------------[MMN] The Woz 6502 T-shirt---------------------------------------------[WTS] Effective Visual Design------------------------------------------[EVD] Jeri Ellsworth - Video - Wikipedia-------------------------------[JVW] Mar 14, Pi Day---------------------------------------------------[MPD] New Special Edition of Planet of the Apes?-----------------------[POA] DOS 3.3 Launcher-------------------------------------------------[DLR] Anniversary of Wolfenstein 3D------------------------------------[AWT] Interfacing the Roomba Vacuum Cleaner to an Apple II-------------[IRA] Sweet16 for BeOS-------------------------------------------------[SSB] Ethernet With the Windows Version of KEGS------------------------[EWK] OMF Linker-------------------------------------------------------[OMF] ANNOUNCEMENTS FROM SYNDICOMM------------------------------------------[ANS] To Sign up for Syndicomm Online----------------------------------[TSU] LETTERS TO THE EDITOR-------------------------------------------------[LTE] No Letters to the Editor This Month An Invitation KFEST 2006------------------------------------------------------------[KF6] KansasFest 2006--------------------------------------------------[KFS] EXTRA INNINGS About The Lamp! ------------------------------------------------ [INN] [*] [*] [*] READING THE LAMP! The index system used by The Lamp! is designed to make """"""""""""""""" your reading easier. To use this system, load this issue into any word processor or text editor. In the index you will find something like: EXTRA INNINGS About The Lamp! ------------------------------------------------ [INN] To read this article, simply use your search or find command to locate [INN]. There is a similar tag at the end of each article: [EOA]. [OPN]------------------------------- HIGH ABOVE THE ROCK RIVER | ------------------------------------ From The Editor """"""""""""""" by Lyle Syverson How Fast is Fast Enough? ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ The automobile ads on TV show the car speeding along... passing other cars... taking curves in the road with ease... indicating that it can move very fast... and giving the impression that fast is desirable... perhaps even necessary. How fast must a computer processor be able to run? It depends. If you want the fastest you will have to buy a new computer regularly so as to keep up. On the other hand, if your older computer provides you with a satisfying experience, it is "fast enough". My first encounter with an Apple II computer was in 1985... an enhanced IIe with a 1MB memory card running AppleWorks 1.3. A spreadsheet was used to manage the inventory and ordering some seven hundred chemicals used in teaching chemistry in the local junior college. It took a long time to build the spreadsheet. Auto calculation had to be turned off... it would take far too long to recalculate after each entry. When all the entries were in place you commanded it to calculate and left it alone while you worked on something else. When you came back you had a neat list of chemicals with the quantity that needed to be ordered for the following year. Plugging along at 1MHz, it was "fast enough"... it saved a lot of time that would have been required to do the job with a calculator. So take time to enjoy your Apple II's... even though they are slow by today's standards. [EOA] ASCII ART BEGINS _________ _ _ _ |__ __| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |___ ____ | | _____ __ ___ _ _ _____ | | | | | ___ \ / __ \ | | /____ \ | v v | | v ___ \ | | | | | | | | | /__\ \ | | ____| | | /\ /\ | | / \ \ | | | | | | | | | _____| | | / ___ | | || || | | | | | |_| | | | | | | | |_____ | |____ | |__| | | || || | | \___/ / _ |_| |_| |_| \______| |______| \____^_| |_||_||_| | |\____/ |_| | | | | |_| ASCII ART ENDS [EOA] [DAS]---------------------------------------------- DISTILLATIONS FROM The A2 FORUM at Syndicomm.com | (A2Central.com) | --------------------------------------------------- by Lyle Syverson [MMN] Any Specific Meaning in A2 Model Numbers? """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" Hello, A question: A writer to me from the History site asked if there is any specific meaning to the "model" numbers assigned to the Apple II series. For example, does "A2S4000" mean anything that would identify info about the particular Apple II it was associated with? Thanks! Steven Weyhrich --< Apple II History http://apple2history.org (A2HISTORY, Cat 2, Top 8, Msg 608) >>>>> """"" Well, the model numbers obviously each describe a specific model of machine, but there's no hidden code in the number if that's what they're wondering. Eric "Sheppy" Shepherd sheppy@syndicomm.com Owner, Syndicomm http://www.syndicomm.com Building communities, bit by bit. (SYNDICOMM, Cat 2, Top 8, Msg 609) >>>>> """"" To add to what Sheppy said, a -serial- number (not a part number) may include information such as the date a part was made and a certain facility it was made at, but that's not really applicable in this case. Ryan Chief Sysop and Head Geek (A2.RYAN, Cat 2, Top 8, Msg 611) [EOA] [WTS] The Woz 6502 T-shirt """""""""""""""""""" If any of you have paid attention to the PodBrix web site, you know that the site owner likes to make unique Lego people, which he somehow customizes. He has released an iPog person, Steve Jobs giving one of his keynote speeches, Woz, and others. Their latest creation was a Woz 6502 T-shirt, featuring an actual WDC 6502 processor chip magnetically attached to the shirt. Here is their web page: http://www.podbrix.com/itemdetails_2068105292.php Well, today was my 50th birthday, and my family went to the trouble of getting one of those shirts for me before they went out of stock (all of those PodBrix items are limited runs). Here is a link with me in the shirt, and some close-ups of the shirt and chip: http://web.mac.com/sdweyhrich/iWeb/Zonker/Woz.Shirt.html Steven Weyhrich --< Apple II History http://apple2history.org (A2HISTORY, Cat 2, Top 8, Msg 606) >>>>> """"" Wow, Steve... *that's* a loving family! :) Eric "Sheppy" Shepherd sheppy@syndicomm.com Owner, Syndicomm http://www.syndicomm.com Building communities, bit by bit. (SYNDICOMM, Cat 2, Top 8, Msg 607) >>>>> """"" That's way cool :) I wonder what I can get next year for my 40th birthday :-) Ryan Chief Sysop and Head Geek (A2.RYAN, Cat 2, Top 8, Msg 610) [EOA] [EVD] Effective Visual Design """"""""""""""""""""""" One of the lessons I teach my high school students is in the context of PowerPoint presentations. I do so by providing them with examples of both good and bad PPT slides. Unfortunately, I have more samples of the latter than the former. Last year I used as a good presentation the one Ryan Suenaga gave in 2001 regarding the transition of Juiced.GS publishing to Syndicomm, which is a good file but on a topic a bit esoteric for today's kids. To complement it, does anyone have more examples of good PowerPoint presentations, or know where I can find one/some? -Ken (KGAGNE, Cat 2, Top 8, Msg 612) >>>>> """"" Ken, I have a presentation that's less esoteric but also way more lame on legal issues for pregnant and parenting teens. I can send it to you but I bet you'll consider it less than effective :) Ryan Chief Sysop and Head Geek (A2.RYAN, Cat 2, Top 8, Msg 613) >>>>> """"" Ryan, I'd be interested in taking a look at that PPT, just the same; the greater quantity and variety of media I'm exposed to, the better off I'll be. I promise not to use it as an example of a lame presentation, anyway. :-) -Ken (KGAGNE, Cat 2, Top 8, Msg 616) [EOA] [JVW] Jeri Ellsworth - Video - Wikipedia """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" Our own Jeri Ellsworth on Google video: http://video.google.com/videosearch?q=Jeri+Ellsworth Ryan Chief Sysop and Head Geek (A2.RYAN, Cat 2, Top 8, Msg 614) >>>>> """"" Wow - Jeri even has her own Wikipedia entry! http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeri_Ellsworth (KGAGNE, Cat 2, Top 8, Msg 615) [EOA] [MPD] Mar 14, Pi Day """""""""""""" Happy Pi Day! (KGAGNE, Cat 2, Top 8, Msg 617) >>>>> """"" Wow, that's nerdy. :) Eric "Sheppy" Shepherd sheppy@syndicomm.com Owner, Syndicomm http://www.syndicomm.com Building communities, bit by bit. (SYNDICOMM, Cat 2, Top 8, Msg 618) >>>>> """"" I thought Pi Day would be in 10 years... Ryan Chief Sysop and Head Geek (A2.RYAN, Cat 2, Top 8, Msg 619) [EOA] [POA] New Special Edition of Planet of the Apes? """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" A new special edition of Planet of the Apes has been rumored to be in the works. I think this Google Video just might lend a hint of what to expect. http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=-1225980947023052205 Geoff (GEOFF, Cat 2, Top 13, Msg 161) >>>>> """"" Yeah, I'm so not going to watch that. :) Eric "Sheppy" Shepherd sheppy@syndicomm.com Owner, Syndicomm http://www.syndicomm.com Building communities, bit by bit. (SYNDICOMM, Cat 2, Top 13, Msg 162) >>>>> """"" The most special edition of Planet of the Apes would be the one that had the writers being killed. Ryan Chief Sysop and Head Geek (A2.RYAN, Cat 2, Top 13, Msg 164) [EOA] [DLR] DOS 3.3 Launcher Anybody remember DOS 3.3 Launcher by John Mclean, later modified by Andrew Roughan? It originally was released in the earlier 1990's. For those who don't know, it's a program that converts DOS 3.3 files or 5.25" disks to run under any ProDOS-formated media. Basically, the disk images it creates are nothing more than standard .po (ProDOS) ordered disk images used by most emulators. Or you can download any .dsk disk image on your PC, use an emulator or CiderPress to transfer the contents to a .po disk image that you transfer to your Apple II. Then you just need to adjust the filetype for use under DOS 3.3 Launcher (filetype $F1). From the docs: >> Any disk that uses a standard RWTS (Read/Write Track/Sector) routine can be copied in this manner. This includes not only DOS 3.3 disks, but also many old games which use a standard RWTS, but are not actually DOS 3.3. They can then be launched by DOS 3.3 Launcher, which "boots" the large file directly from your hard disk. To run a program, one option is to start DOS 3.3 Launcher from a program selector, but running a program from the IIgs System Finder is much easier since you simply double click on them, which launches them via ProDOS 8. << Anyway, I've been using v1.1 of DOS 3.3 Launcher for a long time to run DOS 3.3 games from my hard drive directly from the GS Finder. When you done playing, you use the control panel Quit DOS 3.3 Launcher option to return back to the Finder. DOS 3.3 Launcher v1.1 can create disk images of single-load binary files, single or doubled-sided 5.25" disks. And it works great. The latest version is v2.2 and allows to convert multiple disk image (3+) games. However, I cannot get v2.2, or v2.0 to work. Anyone use it? -Jeff (FINKSTERJ, Cat 7, Top 21, Msg 10) >>>>> """"" OK, I solved my problems with DOS Launcher v2.2! Apparently later versions of DOS Launcher were made compatible with 8-bit Apple IIs, whereas version 1.1 only worked on the Apple IIgs using the message center. Because of this I think, according to the docs "DOS 3.3 Launcher uses the ProDOS firmware entry point at $CN00 + ($CNFF), so it will only work with up to two hard disk partitions per slot" so that ProDOS 8, the P8 DOS 3.3 Launcher program, and the DOS 3.3 image files must only be located on the first 2 hard drive partitions of any slot. I must admit it took some researching of some older posts on csa2 to confirm this before I realized this was the problem. But, now it works! Previously, ProDOS 8 was on my 1st hard drive partition (i.e. P8 from the GS System folder), the DOS 3.3 Launcher program on my 2nd partition, and the image files on my 3rd partition. Moving the image files to the 2nd partition solved it! -Jeff (FINKSTERJ, Cat 7, Top 21, Msg 11) >>>>> """"" Another thing to be aware of while using later versions of DOS 3.3 Launcher is it makes any changes to the disk image directly to the image file, whereas earlier versions only made those changes in memory. While that isn't a problem in of itself, the file must be non-sparse, which the DOS 3.3 Launcher copy program does when it creates the image file, but if you later use the Finder or most copy problems to move such files, they will be made non-sparse again. In that case, use the program's Make Non-Sparse option. This is only a problem with disk images that do disk writes of course. If the image file is locked, or is non-sparse, DOS 3.3 Launcher makes it write-protected, so games that require writing to the disk will crash or stop with an error. -Jeff (FINKSTERJ, Cat 7, Top 21, Msg 12) [EOA] [AWT] Anniversary of Wolfenstein 3D """"""""""""""""""""""""""""" Happy eight-years-and-one-week anniversary to Wolfenstein 3D! (KGAGNE, Cat 14, Top 5, Msg 23) [EOA] [IRA] Interfacing the Roomba Vacuum Cleaner to an Apple II """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" Make magazine currently blogs about interfacing a Roomba vacuum cleaner to a computer via a serial cable or a Bluetooth interface adapted via serial. This brings forth a few possibilities for an Apple II: Interfacing the Roomba via serial to an Apple II (using Spectrum scripts to control the vacuum?) or Creating a somewhat limited Bluetooth via serial interface for an Apple II. Ryan Chief Sysop and head Geek (A2.RYAN, Cat 17, Top 34, Msg 16) [EOA] [SSB] Sweet16 for BeOS """""""""""""""" I spent an hour or so on Sweet16 for Mac OS X tonight, and now I have it pretty much fully usable. Still trying to figure out how to get Henrik to respond to my messages... Eric "Sheppy" Shepherd sheppy@syndicomm.com Owner, Syndicomm http://www.syndicomm.com Building communities, bit by bit. (SYNDICOMM, Cat 29, Top 32, Msg 18) >>>>> """"" Now Sweet16 has an online disks window and I've figured out a way to support printing from desktop applications without killing myself. It'll take time to implement, but it wont' be hard. No response to any of the emails I've sent to a number of email addresses over the past couple of weeks. Pretty sure I'm quite simply being ignored. Eric "Sheppy" Shepherd sheppy@syndicomm.com Owner, Syndicomm http://www.syndicomm.com Building communities, bit by bit. (SYNDICOMM, Cat 29, Top 32, Msg 19) >>>>> """"" Now Sweet16 for Mac OS X has its own web page. For no good reason other than to try to incite people to help pester Henrik into letting me release it. :D http://www.sheppyware.net/slydog/ I'm getting pretty obnoxious about it now. ;) Eric "Sheppy" Shepherd sheppy@syndicomm.com Owner, Syndicomm http://www.syndicomm.com Building communities, bit by bit. (SYNDICOMM, Cat 29, Top 32, Msg 20) >>>>> """"" I haven't fooled with the latest one yet but the one that I did test the other week was, well... sweet. ;-) Ryan Chief Sysop and Head Geek (A2.RYAN, Cat 29, Top 32, Msg 21) >>>>> """"" Sweet16 on Mac OS X can now print from desktop applications: http://www.sheppyware.net/slydog/printing/index.html Still trying hard to reach someone who can give me permission to release it. Eric "Sheppy" Shepherd sheppy@syndicomm.com Owner, Syndicomm http://www.syndicomm.com Building communities, bit by bit. (SYNDICOMM, Cat 29, Top 32, Msg 22) [EOA] [EWK] Ethernet With the Windows Version of KEGS """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" I've been playing around with getting the ethernet working with the windows version of kegs. Currently, when marinetti connects, it sends out 50 ARP requests in under 1 second (none of which are answered). I compared the ARP request to other ones (from a different computer on the network) and the only difference I could see was that the kegs' target mac address (in the arp request, not the header) was ff:ff:ff:ff:ff;ff whereas the other one was 00:00:00:00:00:00. Is it normal for that many arp requests to be sent? How should the kegs ip address be set? To the host computer's, or to an unused one? I've tried it both ways with no difference, (although windows gives a warning if you reuse the host's ip address). The Mac address, is of course, unique to the network. Kelvin. (KWS, Cat 29, Top 41, Msg 53) >>>>> """"" Kelvin, I think the only one who knows is Geoff. :) Fortunately he usually hangs around here somewhere. Ryan Chief Sysop and Head Geek (A2.RYAN, Cat 29, Top 41, Msg 54) >>>>> """"" After fooling around with winpcap, it occurred to me that my 'net access is via wireless ... I suspect the router filters out most traffic (including the response to my arp request) before broadcasting it over the air. Using the same mac address as the host computer (but a different ip address), I did receive an ARP response (this was with winpcap, not kegs, but the same restrictions would apply either way). Reusing the MAC address is probably a really bad idea. Kelvin. (KWS, Cat 29, Top 41, Msg 55) [EOA] [OMF] OMF Linker """""""""" >> I'll accept the challenge for adding the 65816 support for gcc, but this can't be started until there is a working linker. << >> Here are some of the tasks which would be needed to complete this: OMF support in ld (linker) << >> I agree that that's the key, though -- if we had a functional, portable linker for OMF, we could do a lot of great stuff. << I've been working on an OMF linker (written in Java, cross platform) in my spare time. It's not done yet, however it has progressed to the point where I don't feel vaporous announcing it. Along with it is a library of OMF reading/writing/parsing classes, so other Java OMF utilities should be easier to write. Kelvin. (KWS, Cat 58, Top 2, Msg 14) >>>>> """"" That's good news -- can it do anything yet, or is it mostly low-level code so far? Eric "Sheppy" Shepherd sheppy@syndicomm.com Owner, Syndicomm http://www.syndicomm.com Building communities, bit by bit. (SYNDICOMM, Cat 58, Top 2, Msg 15) >>>>> """"" It needs a lot more testing :), but it currently handles normal things. (public/private, code/data segments, multiple files, relocation, etc). It does not yet do - libraries - intersegment stuff - jump tables - expressload - all the error checking it should do - a lot of other subtle nuances right now, I'm trying to get a hello world! app to run... it looks ok to me, but the loader doesn't seem to like it :/ kelvin. (KWS, Cat 58, Top 2) >>>>> """"" Getting any particular errors from the loader when it tries to process it, or is it just barfing? Eric "Sheppy" Shepherd sheppy@syndicomm.com Owner, Syndicomm http://www.syndicomm.com Building communities, bit by bit. (SYNDICOMM, Cat 58, Top 2, Msg 17) >>>>> """"" Kelvin, Just hearing someone's working on such a thing is exciting (KFest is coming up, and I need to make sure I don't suck--as do all the rest of you coders :) Ryan Chief Sysop and Head Geek (A2.RYAN, Cat 58, Top 2, Msg 18) >>>>> """"" Hello World! works! Previously, trying to run it didn't do anything (no crash, no output...). Turns out, for those that care, you should always use LCONST records in your executables, not CONST records. Kelvin. (KWS, Cat 58, Topic 2, Msg 19) >>>>> """"" Woohoo! That's fantastic news, Kelvin. :) Ever find any info describing the format of ExpressLoad files? Eric "Sheppy" Shepherd sheppy@syndicomm.com Owner, Syndicomm http://www.syndicomm.com Building communities, bit by bit. (SYNDICOMM, Cat 58, Top 2, Msg 20) >>>>> """"" I asked Mike Westerfield if he had any documentation on it. He looked around but couldn't find any. I checked the orca/linker source and it looks pretty clear. It's somewhat low priority, though, given that: 1) it's not even necessary 2) you can use the express utility to convert it. Kelvin. (KWS, Cat 58, Top 2, Msg 21) >>>>> """"" True enough, although implementing it would be nice for the future, perhaps. Eric "Sheppy" Shepherd sheppy@syndicomm.com Owner, Syndicomm http://www.syndicomm.com Building communities, bit by bit. (SYNDICOMM, Cat 58, Top 2, Msg 22) >>>>> """"" Any luck with libraries, Kelvin? Ryan Chief Sysop and Head Geek (A2.RYAN, Cat 58, Top 2, Msg 23) >>>>> """"" Libraries now work. I was able to successfully link (and run) an orca/c version of "hello world". Just doing that requires something like 2 dozen functions from 2 libraries be linked in. Currently, the biggest missing functionality is: - expressload - dynamic segments/jump tables - more robust error handling I've been looking into runtime library support as well. Orca/Linker doesn't support them, but apple's linker does (sort of). runtime libraries (rtl) are basically fully compiled and linked code, but they also have a map of symbol names and the segment/offset where they are stored. If your program calls a rtl function, it's treated via a jump table, like dynamic segments. For most purposes, it's probably better to use a tool rather than a rtl, but they might be better for some purposes. Kelvin. (KWS, Cat 58, Top 2, Msg 24) >>>>> """"" Well, I'm inclined to say that runtime library support is pretty low priority. Getting dynamic segment support in is medium (to me). The big one I'd like to see is ExpressLoad support, even though it's true there are tools to expressify programs -- but if you want to do all your building on your Mac or PC or whatever, it'd be preferable to have it do the Expressing too. Eric "Sheppy" Shepherd sheppy@syndicomm.com Owner, Syndicomm http://www.syndicomm.com Building communities, bit by bit. (SYNDICOMM, Cat 58, Top 2, Msg 25) >>>>> """"" I'm really excited about this linker. Going to have to take another whack at getting MPW IIgs ORCA/C to build on OS X. Eric "Sheppy" Shepherd sheppy@syndicomm.com Owner, Syndicomm http://www.syndicomm.com Building communities, bit by bit. (SYNDICOMM, Cat 58, Top 2, Msg 26) [EOA] [ANS]------------------------------- ANNOUNCEMENTS FROM SYNDICOMM | ------------------------------------ by Lyle Syverson [TSU] TO SIGN UP FOR SYNDICOMM ONLINE """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""" Please visit our web site at http://www.syndicomm.com for information or to sign up! (Logon message) [EOA] [LTE]------------------------------- LETTERS TO THE EDITOR | ------------------------------------ NO LETTERS TO THE EDITOR THIS MONTH """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" The mail box for Letters to the Editor remained empty this month. [EOA] AN INVITATION ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Express your opinions about the comings and goings in the world of the Apple II computers. Send your comments to Lyle Syverson, Editor The Editor reserves the right to edit any material submitted. The Editor reserves the right to reject any material he considers unsuitable for publication in _The Lamp!_. [EOA] [KF6]------------------------------ KFest 2006 | ----------------------------------- [KFS] KansasFest 2006 """"""""""""""" is scheduled for July 18th-23rd, 2006 Mark your calendar... start saving some money. :) [EOA] [INN]------------------------------ EXTRA INNINGS | ----------------------------------- About The Lamp! The Lamp! is published on the fifteenth of every month on """"""""""""""" the WEB at: http://lamp.a2central.com/ This publication produced entirely with real or emulated Apple II computers using Appleworks 5.1 and Hermes. Apple II Forever! * The Lamp! is (c) copyright 2006 by Ryan M. Suenaga, M.S.W. All rights reserved. * To reach The Lamp! on Internet email send mail to thelamp@sheppyware.net * All issues of The Lamp! are available at The Lamp! Home Page, http://lamp.a2central.com/ >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> Opinions expressed herein are those of the individual authors, and do not necessarily represent the opinions of A2Central.com, Delphi Online Services, Syndicomm, Ryan M. Suenaga, or Lyle Syverson. Forum messages are reprinted verbatim and are included in this publication with permission from the individual authors. A2Central.com, Delphi Online Services, Syndicomm, Ryan M. Suenaga, and Lyle Syverson do not guarantee the accuracy or suitability of any information included herein. We reserve the right to edit all letters and copy. Material published in this edition may not be reprinted without the expressed written consent of the publisher. Registered computer user groups, not for profit publications , and other interested parties may write the publisher to apply for permission to reprint any or all material. <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<< [EOF]